Newly Approved JAMB Syllabus for Physics 2026/2027: Complete Topics, Objectives and Study Guide
Are you preparing for the 2026/2027 JAMB UTME Physics examination and looking for the latest JAMB Physics syllabus? If yes, this comprehensive guide contains the major topics you need to study, important areas to focus on, Physics formulas, preparation strategies, frequently asked questions and other useful information to help you prepare effectively.
The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) provides its official syllabus resources through the Integrated Brochure and Syllabus System (IBASS). The official Physics syllabus is available through the JAMB IBASS e-syllabus platform.
Physics is an important UTME subject for candidates seeking admission into courses such as Engineering, Medicine, Pharmacy, Physics, Computer Science, Geology, Architecture and several other science and technology-related programmes.
Rather than studying random topics or relying entirely on predicted questions, candidates should use the official syllabus as a checklist and ensure that they understand the major concepts listed under each section.
Important: The title of this article uses the popular search phrase “Newly Approved JAMB Syllabus for Physics 2026/2027.” Candidates should always verify the current syllabus directly through JAMB’s official IBASS platform because the Board can update its examination materials and syllabus information.
JAMB Physics Syllabus 2026/2027
The JAMB Physics syllabus covers a broad range of topics designed to test candidates’ understanding of physical principles and their ability to apply those principles to practical situations.
The major areas include:
- Measurements and units
- Scalars and vectors
- Motion
- Gravitational fields
- Equilibrium of forces
- Simple machines
- Work, energy and power
- Elasticity
- Pressure
- Liquids and solids
- Temperature and thermal expansion
- Heat transfer
- Gas laws
- Waves
- Sound
- Light
- Optical instruments
- Electric fields
- Electric current
- Electrical energy and power
- Magnetism
- Electromagnetic induction
- Modern physics
- Electronics
The official syllabus should remain the primary reference point for candidates preparing for the examination.
Objectives of the JAMB Physics Syllabus
The Physics syllabus is designed to help candidates develop an understanding of physical principles and apply them to problems.
Candidates should be able to:
- Understand basic physical concepts.
- Perform calculations involving physical quantities.
- Use appropriate units.
- Interpret diagrams and graphs.
- Solve numerical problems.
- Understand relationships between physical quantities.
- Apply Physics principles to everyday situations.
- Understand mechanical, thermal, wave, electrical and modern physics concepts.
- Interpret experimental information.
- Use formulas correctly.
- Analyse simple physical problems logically.
This means that candidates should not simply memorise Physics formulas. They should understand when and how each formula should be used.
1. Measurements and Units
Measurements form one of the foundations of Physics.
Candidates should understand physical quantities and their units.
Important quantities include:
- Length
- Mass
- Time
- Temperature
- Electric current
- Amount of substance
- Luminous intensity
Candidates should know the SI units of common physical quantities.
Examples include:
| Quantity | SI Unit |
|---|---|
| Length | metre (m) |
| Mass | kilogram (kg) |
| Time | second (s) |
| Temperature | kelvin (K) |
| Electric current | ampere (A) |
Candidates should also understand derived quantities such as speed, acceleration, force, pressure and density.
2. Scalars and Vectors
Physical quantities can be classified as scalars or vectors.
A scalar quantity has magnitude only.
Examples include:
- Mass
- Time
- Temperature
- Distance
- Speed
- Energy
A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.
Examples include:
- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration
- Force
- Momentum
Candidates should be able to distinguish between scalar and vector quantities.
3. Motion
Motion is an important area of JAMB Physics.
Candidates should understand:
- Distance
- Displacement
- Speed
- Velocity
- Acceleration
- Uniform motion
- Non-uniform motion
- Graphs of motion
Important formulas include:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Velocity = Displacement ÷ Time
Acceleration = Change in velocity ÷ Time
For uniformly accelerated motion, candidates should also understand equations such as:
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
Where:
- u = initial velocity
- v = final velocity
- a = acceleration
- t = time
- s = displacement
4. Motion Graphs
Candidates should understand how to interpret graphs involving motion.
Important graphs include:
- Distance-time graphs
- Displacement-time graphs
- Velocity-time graphs
A distance-time graph can be used to determine speed.
A velocity-time graph can be used to determine acceleration and displacement.
Candidates should practise interpreting the slope and area of relevant graphs.
5. Projectile Motion
Projectile motion describes the motion of an object thrown into the air and moving under the influence of gravity.
Candidates should understand:
- Horizontal motion
- Vertical motion
- Range
- Maximum height
- Time of flight
Projectile questions often require candidates to separate horizontal and vertical components of motion.
6. Gravitational Field
Gravity is the force that attracts objects towards one another.
Candidates should understand:
- Gravitational force
- Acceleration due to gravity
- Weight
- Mass
- Gravitational field
The relationship between mass and weight is:
W = mg
Where:
- W = weight
- m = mass
- g = acceleration due to gravity
Remember that mass and weight are not the same physical quantity.
7. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Candidates should understand Newton’s laws of motion and their applications.
First Law
An object remains at rest or continues moving uniformly in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
Second Law
The force acting on an object is related to its mass and acceleration.
The commonly used formula is:
F = ma
Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Candidates should practise applying these laws to practical situations.
8. Momentum
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
p = mv
Where:
- p = momentum
- m = mass
- v = velocity
Candidates should understand conservation of momentum and how it applies to collisions and interactions between objects.
9. Equilibrium of Forces
An object is in equilibrium when the forces acting on it are balanced.
Candidates should understand:
- Resultant force
- Moments
- Centre of gravity
- Stability
- Conditions for equilibrium
The principle of moments is particularly important.
For equilibrium:
Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise moment
10. Simple Machines
Candidates should understand machines that make work easier.
Examples include:
- Lever
- Pulley
- Wheel and axle
- Inclined plane
- Screw
- Wedge
Important concepts include:
- Mechanical advantage
- Velocity ratio
- Efficiency
A common relationship is:
Efficiency = (Mechanical Advantage ÷ Velocity Ratio) × 100%
11. Work, Energy and Power
Work is done when a force causes displacement in the direction of the force.
The basic formula is:
Work = Force × Distance
or
W = Fs
Energy is the ability to do work.
Candidates should study:
- Kinetic energy
- Potential energy
- Mechanical energy
- Conservation of energy
Kinetic energy:
KE = ½mv²
Gravitational potential energy:
PE = mgh
Power is the rate at which work is done.
Power = Work ÷ Time
12. Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after the deforming force is removed, within its elastic limit.
Candidates should understand:
- Elastic deformation
- Plastic deformation
- Elastic limit
- Hooke’s law
- Spring constant
Hooke’s law can be expressed as:
F = ke
Where:
- F = force
- k = spring constant
- e = extension
Candidates should understand the relationship between force and extension.
13. Pressure
Pressure is defined as force acting normally per unit area.
The formula is:
P = F/A
Where:
- P = pressure
- F = force
- A = area
Candidates should understand pressure in solids, liquids and gases.
14. Pressure in Liquids
Pressure in a liquid increases with depth.
A commonly used relationship is:
P = ρgh
Where:
- ρ = density
- g = acceleration due to gravity
- h = depth
Candidates should understand how density and depth affect liquid pressure.
15. Density
Density is mass per unit volume.
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
or
ρ = m/V
Candidates should be able to rearrange the formula to calculate mass or volume.
Density questions often involve unit conversions, so candidates should practise them carefully.
16. Temperature and Thermal Expansion
Temperature is related to the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
Candidates should understand:
- Temperature scales
- Thermometers
- Thermal expansion
- Expansion of solids
- Expansion of liquids
- Expansion of gases
Common temperature scales include:
- Celsius
- Kelvin
The relationship is:
K = °C + 273
For many elementary calculations, 273 is used as the conversion constant.
17. Heat Transfer
Heat can be transferred through:
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
Conduction
Heat is transferred through a material without the material moving as a whole.
Convection
Heat is transferred through the movement of fluids.
Radiation
Heat is transferred through electromagnetic radiation and does not require a material medium.
Candidates should understand examples of each method.
18. Specific Heat Capacity
Specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by one degree.
The formula is:
Q = mcΔθ
Where:
- Q = heat energy
- m = mass
- c = specific heat capacity
- Δθ = change in temperature
Candidates should understand how the variables relate to one another.
19. Latent Heat
Latent heat is associated with a change of state without a corresponding change in temperature.
The formula is:
Q = mL
Where:
- Q = heat energy
- m = mass
- L = specific latent heat
Candidates should understand:
- Latent heat of fusion
- Latent heat of vaporisation
- Melting
- Freezing
- Boiling
- Condensation
20. Gas Laws
Candidates should understand the behaviour of gases and the relationships between pressure, volume and temperature.
Important laws include:
- Boyle’s law
- Charles’ law
- Pressure law
- General gas relationship
Boyle’s Law
At constant temperature:
PV = constant
Charles’ Law
At constant pressure:
V/T = constant
Candidates should understand the conditions under which each law applies.
21. Waves
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another.
Candidates should understand:
- Transverse waves
- Longitudinal waves
- Wavelength
- Frequency
- Period
- Amplitude
- Wave speed
The fundamental wave equation is:
v = fλ
Where:
- v = wave speed
- f = frequency
- λ = wavelength
22. Sound Waves
Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium for transmission.
Candidates should understand:
- Production of sound
- Transmission of sound
- Reflection of sound
- Echoes
- Pitch
- Loudness
- Frequency
Candidates should know that sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
23. Electromagnetic Waves
Candidates should understand electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum.
The spectrum includes:
- Radio waves
- Microwaves
- Infrared
- Visible light
- Ultraviolet
- X-rays
- Gamma rays
Candidates should understand their general properties and applications.
24. Light
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
Important areas include:
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Dispersion
- Diffraction
- Interference
Candidates should understand basic laws governing reflection and refraction.
25. Reflection of Light
Reflection occurs when light strikes a surface and returns into the original medium.
The law of reflection states that:
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
Candidates should understand ray diagrams involving mirrors.
26. Refraction of Light
Refraction occurs when light changes direction as it moves from one medium to another because its speed changes.
Candidates should understand:
- Refractive index
- Critical angle
- Total internal reflection
- Optical fibres
The refractive index can be represented by:
n = sin i / sin r
for appropriate conditions.
27. Lenses
Candidates should understand:
- Convex lenses
- Concave lenses
- Focal length
- Principal focus
- Image formation
- Magnification
The lens formula is:
1/f = 1/u + 1/v
Candidates should practise ray diagrams and numerical problems involving lenses.
28. Optical Instruments
Candidates should understand the principles behind optical instruments.
Examples include:
- Camera
- Microscope
- Telescope
- Periscope
- Human eye
Candidates should understand how lenses and mirrors are used in these devices.
29. Electric Fields
An electric field is a region where an electric charge experiences a force.
Candidates should understand:
- Electric charge
- Electric force
- Electric field
- Electric potential
- Electric field lines
Coulomb’s law is an important relationship:
F = kq₁q₂/r²
Candidates should understand the factors that affect electrostatic force.
30. Electric Current
Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge.
I = Q/t
Where:
- I = current
- Q = charge
- t = time
The SI unit of current is the ampere.
Candidates should understand electric circuits and common circuit components.
31. Potential Difference
Potential difference is the work done per unit charge.
It is measured in volts.
Candidates should understand the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
32. Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided physical conditions remain constant.
The formula is:
V = IR
Where:
- V = potential difference
- I = current
- R = resistance
Candidates should practise rearranging the formula.
33. Electrical Resistance
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current.
Candidates should understand factors affecting resistance, including:
- Length
- Cross-sectional area
- Material
- Temperature
For a uniform conductor:
R = ρL/A
34. Electrical Energy and Power
Candidates should understand how electrical energy is calculated.
Electrical power can be expressed as:
P = VI
Other useful relationships include:
P = I²R
and
P = V²/R
Electrical energy can be calculated using:
E = Pt
Candidates should understand how these formulas are related.
35. Series and Parallel Circuits
Candidates should understand the differences between series and parallel connections.
In a series circuit, components are connected along the same path.
In a parallel circuit, components are connected along separate branches.
Candidates should practise calculating total resistance in both types of circuits.
36. Magnetism
Candidates should understand the basic properties of magnets.
Important areas include:
- Magnetic fields
- Magnetic field lines
- Magnetic materials
- Electromagnets
- Earth’s magnetic field
Candidates should understand how magnetic fields interact with electric currents.
37. Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction occurs when an electromotive force is produced as a result of a changing magnetic field.
Candidates should understand:
- Magnetic flux
- Induced current
- Faraday’s law
- Lenz’s law
- Generators
- Transformers
These principles have important applications in electricity generation and transmission.
38. Transformers
A transformer is an electrical device used to change alternating voltage.
Candidates should understand:
- Step-up transformer
- Step-down transformer
- Transformer ratio
- Applications of transformers
An ideal transformer relationship can be represented as:
Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
Where:
- Vp = primary voltage
- Vs = secondary voltage
- Np = primary turns
- Ns = secondary turns
39. Modern Physics
Modern Physics introduces candidates to concepts beyond classical Physics.
Important areas include:
- Atomic structure
- Nuclear physics
- Radioactivity
- Photoelectric effect
- Energy levels
- Nuclear reactions
Candidates should understand the basic principles rather than memorising isolated facts.
40. Radioactivity
Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.
Candidates should understand:
- Alpha radiation
- Beta radiation
- Gamma radiation
- Radioactive decay
- Half-life
- Uses of radioactivity
- Safety considerations
Candidates should also understand that radioactive materials must be handled carefully because ionising radiation can be harmful.
41. Half-Life
Half-life is the time required for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
Candidates should practise simple calculations involving half-life.
For example, if a radioactive sample has an initial amount of 80 units and one half-life passes, the remaining amount is:
80 ÷ 2 = 40 units
After another half-life:
40 ÷ 2 = 20 units
Understanding this pattern makes half-life questions easier.
42. Photoelectric Effect
The photoelectric effect involves the emission of electrons from a material when electromagnetic radiation of sufficient frequency falls on it.
Candidates should understand:
- Threshold frequency
- Photoelectrons
- Photon energy
- Work function
The photon energy relationship is:
E = hf
Where:
- E = photon energy
- h = Planck’s constant
- f = frequency
43. Electronics
Candidates should understand basic electronic components and their applications.
Important components include:
- Diodes
- Transistors
- Capacitors
- Resistors
- Semiconductor devices
Candidates should understand the basic functions of these components.
Important JAMB Physics Formulas to Know
Candidates should create a formula sheet and revise it regularly.
Some important formulas include:
Motion
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
Force
F = ma
Momentum
p = mv
Weight
W = mg
Density
ρ = m/V
Pressure
P = F/A
Work
W = Fs
Kinetic Energy
KE = ½mv²
Potential Energy
PE = mgh
Power
P = W/t
Hooke’s Law
F = ke
Heat
Q = mcΔθ
Latent Heat
Q = mL
Wave
v = fλ
Current
I = Q/t
Ohm’s Law
V = IR
Electrical Power
P = VI
Electrical Energy
E = Pt
Resistance
R = ρL/A
Photon Energy
E = hf
Candidates should learn what every symbol represents and the units used in each equation.
How to Prepare for JAMB Physics 2026/2027
1. Start With the Official Syllabus
Use the JAMB syllabus as your main checklist.
The official IBASS platform provides access to JAMB’s e-syllabus resources.
2. Understand Before Memorising
Physics becomes easier when you understand the principle behind a formula.
For example, do not simply memorise F = ma. Understand that increasing mass or acceleration affects the force required.
3. Practise Calculations
Set aside time every day or several times a week for numerical questions.
4. Learn Units
Always check the units given in a question and convert them when necessary.
5. Draw Diagrams
Diagrams are useful for:
- Forces
- Circuits
- Rays
- Waves
- Motion
- Magnetic fields
6. Practise Graphs
Learn how to interpret:
- Distance-time graphs
- Velocity-time graphs
- Force-extension graphs
- Other simple Physics graphs
7. Use Past Questions
Past questions can help you become familiar with the style and difficulty of UTME questions.
However, they should be used alongside the syllabus and not as a replacement for studying the topics.
Suggested JAMB Physics Study Timetable
Monday – Mechanics
Study motion, forces, momentum and equilibrium.
Tuesday – Work and Energy
Study work, energy, power, machines and elasticity.
Wednesday – Heat
Study temperature, thermal expansion, heat transfer and gas laws.
Thursday – Waves and Optics
Study waves, sound, light, reflection, refraction and lenses.
Friday – Electricity
Study current electricity, resistance, circuits and electrical power.
Saturday – Magnetism and Modern Physics
Study magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, radioactivity and modern Physics.
Sunday – Revision
Review the week’s topics and answer practice questions.
This timetable can be adjusted to fit each candidate’s available study time.
Common Mistakes Candidates Make in JAMB Physics
Mistake 1: Memorising Formulas Without Understanding Them
A formula is only useful when you know when to apply it.
Mistake 2: Ignoring Units
Incorrect unit conversion can lead to an incorrect answer even when the formula is correct.
Mistake 3: Avoiding Calculations
Physics requires practice. Reading theory alone is not enough.
Mistake 4: Ignoring Graphs
Candidates should practise interpreting graphs and determining slopes and areas where appropriate.
Mistake 5: Confusing Similar Quantities
Examples include:
- Mass and weight
- Distance and displacement
- Speed and velocity
- Heat and temperature
- Current and voltage
Mistake 6: Depending Entirely on Predicted Questions
No unofficial prediction can guarantee the exact questions that will appear in JAMB.
Mistake 7: Studying Only Difficult Topics
Basic topics can also contribute important marks. Candidates should cover the entire syllabus.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is the JAMB Physics syllabus for 2026/2027 available?
JAMB provides its syllabus resources through the official IBASS e-syllabus platform, and the official Physics syllabus is available there.
What are the major topics in the JAMB Physics syllabus?
Major areas include measurements, vectors, motion, gravitation, equilibrium, machines, work, energy, elasticity, pressure, heat, waves, sound, light, electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, modern Physics and electronics.
Is Physics difficult in JAMB?
Physics can be challenging if a candidate studies only by memorisation. Understanding concepts, practising calculations and reviewing mistakes can make preparation much easier.
What Physics topics should I study first?
Start with measurements and basic concepts, then move through mechanics, heat, waves, electricity, magnetism and modern Physics.
Are Physics calculations important in JAMB?
Yes. Candidates should practise numerical problems involving formulas, units and physical quantities.
What Physics formulas should I memorise?
Candidates should know important relationships involving motion, force, momentum, energy, power, pressure, heat, waves, electricity and modern Physics.
Should I study JAMB Physics past questions?
Yes. Past questions are useful for practice and can help you understand the style of UTME questions. However, they should not replace studying the complete syllabus.
Where can I check the official JAMB Physics syllabus?
The official JAMB IBASS e-syllabus platform provides access to JAMB’s syllabus resources. Candidates can check the Physics syllabus directly through IBASS.
Does the JAMB Physics syllabus include electricity?
Yes. Electricity is an important part of the syllabus, including electric fields, current electricity, resistance and electrical energy and power.
Does JAMB Physics include modern Physics?
Yes. The syllabus includes modern Physics topics such as radioactivity and other relevant concepts.
Does the syllabus include waves and optics?
Yes. Candidates should study waves, sound, light and related optical concepts.
Conclusion
The JAMB Physics Syllabus 2026/2027 is an important resource for every candidate preparing to sit for Physics in the UTME.
Instead of studying random topics, candidates should use the official JAMB syllabus as their preparation guide and work systematically through the different areas.
The syllabus covers a wide range of topics, including measurements, vectors, motion, forces, gravitation, equilibrium, machines, work, energy, power, elasticity, pressure, heat, waves, sound, light, electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, modern Physics and electronics.
Candidates should pay particular attention to numerical calculations. Learn the important formulas, understand what each symbol means, know the correct units and practise applying the formulas to different types of questions.
Do not neglect theoretical topics either. JAMB can test your understanding of definitions, principles, applications, diagrams, graphs and relationships between physical quantities.
Regular revision is also important. Rather than waiting until the examination is close, create a realistic timetable and study consistently.
Candidates should also avoid relying on claims of “100% sure JAMB questions.” There is no reliable way for an unofficial source to guarantee the exact questions that will appear in the examination. The safest preparation strategy is to study the official syllabus, use suitable textbooks, practise past questions and revise your weak areas.
For the latest official syllabus information, candidates should check the JAMB Integrated Brochure and Syllabus System (IBASS) regularly. JAMB’s official website provides access to the syllabus system.
If you are preparing for JAMB Physics 2026/2027, start early, cover the syllabus systematically, practise calculations regularly and make sure you understand the principles behind the formulas.
With consistent preparation and proper use of the syllabus, you can approach the Physics section of the UTME with greater confidence.
– Distance
– Displacement
– Speed
– Velocity
– Acceleration
– Uniform motion
– Non-uniform motion
– Graphs of motion
Important formulas include:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Velocity = Displacement ÷ Time
Acceleration = Change in velocity ÷ Time
For uniformly accelerated motion, candidates should also understand equations such as:
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
Where:
– u = initial velocity
– v = final velocity
– a = acceleration
– t = time
– s = displacement
—
4. Motion Graphs
Candidates should understand how to interpret graphs involving motion.
Important graphs include:
– Distance-time graphs
– Displacement-time graphs
– Velocity-time graphs
A distance-time graph can be used to determine speed.
A velocity-time graph can be used to determine acceleration and displacement.
Candidates should practise interpreting the slope and area of relevant graphs.
—
5. Projectile Motion
Projectile motion describes the motion of an object thrown into the air and moving under the influence of gravity.
Candidates should understand:
– Horizontal motion
– Vertical motion
– Range
– Maximum height
– Time of flight
Projectile questions often require candidates to separate horizontal and vertical components of motion.
—
6. Gravitational Field
Gravity is the force that attracts objects towards one another.
Candidates should understand:
– Gravitational force
– Acceleration due to gravity
– Weight
– Mass
– Gravitational field
The relationship between mass and weight is:
W = mg
Where:
– W = weight
– m = mass
– g = acceleration due to gravity
Remember that mass and weight are not the same physical quantity.
—
7. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Candidates should understand Newton’s laws of motion and their applications.
First Law
An object remains at rest or continues moving uniformly in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
Second Law
The force acting on an object is related to its mass and acceleration.
The commonly used formula is:
F = ma
Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Candidates should practise applying these laws to practical situations.
—
8. Momentum
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
p = mv
Where:
– p = momentum
– m = mass
– v = velocity
Candidates should understand conservation of momentum and how it applies to collisions and interactions between objects.
—
9. Equilibrium of Forces
An object is in equilibrium when the forces acting on it are balanced.
Candidates should understand:
– Resultant force
– Moments
– Centre of gravity
– Stability
– Conditions for equilibrium
The principle of moments is particularly important.
For equilibrium:
Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise moment
—
10. Simple Machines
Candidates should understand machines that make work easier.
Examples include:
– Lever
– Pulley
– Wheel and axle
– Inclined plane
– Screw
– Wedge
Important concepts include:
– Mechanical advantage
– Velocity ratio
– Efficiency
A common relationship is:
Efficiency = (Mechanical Advantage ÷ Velocity Ratio) × 100%
—
11. Work, Energy and Power
Work is done when a force causes displacement in the direction of the force.
The basic formula is:
Work = Force × Distance
or
W = Fs
Energy is the ability to do work.
Candidates should study:
– Kinetic energy
– Potential energy
– Mechanical energy
– Conservation of energy
Kinetic energy:
KE = ½mv²
Gravitational potential energy:
PE = mgh
Power is the rate at which work is done.
Power = Work ÷ Time
—
12. Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after the deforming force is removed, within its elastic limit.
Candidates should understand:
– Elastic deformation
– Plastic deformation
– Elastic limit
– Hooke’s law
– Spring constant
Hooke’s law can be expressed as:
F = ke
Where:
– F = force
– k = spring constant
– e = extension
Candidates should understand the relationship between force and extension.
—
13. Pressure
Pressure is defined as force acting normally per unit area.
The formula is:
P = F/A
Where:
– P = pressure
– F = force
– A = area
Candidates should understand pressure in solids, liquids and gases.
—
14. Pressure in Liquids
Pressure in a liquid increases with depth.
A commonly used relationship is:
P = ρgh
Where:
– ρ = density
– g = acceleration due to gravity
– h = depth
Candidates should understand how density and depth affect liquid pressure.
—
15. Density
Density is mass per unit volume.
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
or
ρ = m/V
Candidates should be able to rearrange the formula to calculate mass or volume.
Density questions often involve unit conversions, so candidates should practise them carefully.
—
16. Temperature and Thermal Expansion
Temperature is related to the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
Candidates should understand:
– Temperature scales
– Thermometers
– Thermal expansion
– Expansion of solids
– Expansion of liquids
– Expansion of gases
Common temperature scales include:
– Celsius
– Kelvin
The relationship is:
K = °C + 273
For many elementary calculations, 273 is used as the conversion constant.
—
17. Heat Transfer
Heat can be transferred through:
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
Conduction
Heat is transferred through a material without the material moving as a whole.
Convection
Heat is transferred through the movement of fluids.
Radiation
Heat is transferred through electromagnetic radiation and does not require a material medium.
Candidates should understand examples of each method.
—
18. Specific Heat Capacity
Specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by one degree.
The formula is:
Q = mcΔθ
Where:
– Q = heat energy
– m = mass
– c = specific heat capacity
– Δθ = change in temperature
Candidates should understand how the variables relate to one another.
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19. Latent Heat
Latent heat is associated with a change of state without a corresponding change in temperature.
The formula is:
Q = mL
Where:
– Q = heat energy
– m = mass
– L = specific latent heat
Candidates should understand:
– Latent heat of fusion
– Latent heat of vaporisation
– Melting
– Freezing
– Boiling
– Condensation
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20. Gas Laws
Candidates should understand the behaviour of gases and the relationships between pressure, volume and temperature.
Important laws include:
– Boyle’s law
– Charles’ law
– Pressure law
– General gas relationship
Boyle’s Law
At constant temperature:
PV = constant
Charles’ Law
At constant pressure:
V/T = constant
Candidates should understand the conditions under which each law applies.
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21. Waves
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another.
Candidates should understand:
– Transverse waves
– Longitudinal waves
– Wavelength
– Frequency
– Period
– Amplitude
– Wave speed
The fundamental wave equation is:
v = fλ
Where:
– v = wave speed
– f = frequency
– λ = wavelength
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22. Sound Waves
Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium for transmission.
Candidates should understand:
– Production of sound
– Transmission of sound
– Reflection of sound
– Echoes
– Pitch
– Loudness
– Frequency
Candidates should know that sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
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23. Electromagnetic Waves
Candidates should understand electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum.
The spectrum includes:
– Radio waves
– Microwaves
– Infrared
– Visible light
– Ultraviolet
– X-rays
– Gamma rays
Candidates should understand their general properties and applications.
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24. Light
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
Important areas include:
– Reflection
– Refraction
– Dispersion
– Diffraction
– Interference
Candidates should understand basic laws governing reflection and refraction.
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25. Reflection of Light
Reflection occurs when light strikes a surface and returns into the original medium.
The law of reflection states that:
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
Candidates should understand ray diagrams involving mirrors.
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26. Refraction of Light
Refraction occurs when light changes direction as it moves from one medium to another because its speed changes.
Candidates should understand:
– Refractive index
– Critical angle
– Total internal reflection
– Optical fibres
The refractive index can be represented by:
n = sin i / sin r
for appropriate conditions.
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27. Lenses
Candidates should understand:
– Convex lenses
– Concave lenses
– Focal length
– Principal focus
– Image formation
– Magnification
The lens formula is:
1/f = 1/u + 1/v
Candidates should practise ray diagrams and numerical problems involving lenses.
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28. Optical Instruments
Candidates should understand the principles behind optical instruments.
Examples include:
– Camera
– Microscope
– Telescope
– Periscope
– Human eye
Candidates should understand how lenses and mirrors are used in these devices.
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29. Electric Fields
An electric field is a region where an electric charge experiences a force.
Candidates should understand:
– Electric charge
– Electric force
– Electric field
– Electric potential
– Electric field lines
Coulomb’s law is an important relationship:
F = kq₁q₂/r²
Candidates should understand the factors that affect electrostatic force.
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30. Electric Current
Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge.
I = Q/t
Where:
– I = current
– Q = charge
– t = time
The SI unit of current is the ampere.
Candidates should understand electric circuits and common circuit components.
—
31. Potential Difference
Potential difference is the work done per unit charge.
It is measured in volts.
Candidates should understand the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
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32. Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided physical conditions remain constant.
The formula is:
V = IR
Where:
– V = potential difference
– I = current
– R = resistance
Candidates should practise rearranging the formula.
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33. Electrical Resistance
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current.
Candidates should understand factors affecting resistance, including:
– Length
– Cross-sectional area
– Material
– Temperature
For a uniform conductor:
R = ρL/A
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34. Electrical Energy and Power
Candidates should understand how electrical energy is calculated.
Electrical power can be expressed as:
P = VI
Other useful relationships include:
P = I²R
and
P = V²/R
Electrical energy can be calculated using:
E = Pt
Candidates should understand how these formulas are related.
—
35. Series and Parallel Circuits
Candidates should understand the differences between series and parallel connections.
In a series circuit, components are connected along the same path.
In a parallel circuit, components are connected along separate branches.
Candidates should practise calculating total resistance in both types of circuits.
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36. Magnetism
Candidates should understand the basic properties of magnets.
Important areas include:
– Magnetic fields
– Magnetic field lines
– Magnetic materials
– Electromagnets
– Earth’s magnetic field
Candidates should understand how magnetic fields interact with electric currents.
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37. Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction occurs when an electromotive force is produced as a result of a changing magnetic field.
Candidates should understand:
– Magnetic flux
– Induced current
– Faraday’s law
– Lenz’s law
– Generators
– Transformers
These principles have important applications in electricity generation and transmission.
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38. Transformers
A transformer is an electrical device used to change alternating voltage.
Candidates should understand:
– Step-up transformer
– Step-down transformer
– Transformer ratio
– Applications of transformers
An ideal transformer relationship can be represented as:
Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
Where:
– Vp = primary voltage
– Vs = secondary voltage
– Np = primary turns
– Ns = secondary turns
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39. Modern Physics
Modern Physics introduces candidates to concepts beyond classical Physics.
Important areas include:
– Atomic structure
– Nuclear physics
– Radioactivity
– Photoelectric effect
– Energy levels
– Nuclear reactions
Candidates should understand the basic principles rather than memorising isolated facts.
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40. Radioactivity
Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.
Candidates should understand:
– Alpha radiation
– Beta radiation
– Gamma radiation
– Radioactive decay
– Half-life
– Uses of radioactivity
– Safety considerations
Candidates should also understand that radioactive materials must be handled carefully because ionising radiation can be harmful.
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41. Half-Life
Half-life is the time required for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
Candidates should practise simple calculations involving half-life.
For example, if a radioactive sample has an initial amount of 80 units and one half-life passes, the remaining amount is:
80 ÷ 2 = 40 units
After another half-life:
40 ÷ 2 = 20 units
Understanding this pattern makes half-life questions easier.
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42. Photoelectric Effect
The photoelectric effect involves the emission of electrons from a material when electromagnetic radiation of sufficient frequency falls on it.
Candidates should understand:
– Threshold frequency
– Photoelectrons
– Photon energy
– Work function
The photon energy relationship is:
E = hf
Where:
– E = photon energy
– h = Planck’s constant
– f = frequency
—
43. Electronics
Candidates should understand basic electronic components and their applications.
Important components include:
– Diodes
– Transistors
– Capacitors
– Resistors
– Semiconductor devices
Candidates should understand the basic functions of these components.
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Important JAMB Physics Formulas to Know
Candidates should create a formula sheet and revise it regularly.
Some important formulas include:
Motion
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
Force
F = ma
Momentum
p = mv
Weight
W = mg
Density
ρ = m/V
Pressure
P = F/A
Work
W = Fs
Kinetic Energy
KE = ½mv²
Potential Energy
PE = mgh
Power
P = W/t
Hooke’s Law
F = ke
Heat
Q = mcΔθ
Latent Heat
Q = mL
Wave
v = fλ
Current
I = Q/t
Ohm’s Law
V = IR
Electrical Power
P = VI
Electrical Energy
E = Pt
Resistance
R = ρL/A
Photon Energy
E = hf
Candidates should learn what every symbol represents and the units used in each equation.
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How to Prepare for JAMB Physics 2026/2027
1. Start With the Official Syllabus
Use the JAMB syllabus as your main checklist.
The official IBASS platform provides access to JAMB’s e-syllabus resources.
2. Understand Before Memorising
Physics becomes easier when you understand the principle behind a formula.
For example, do not simply memorise F = ma. Understand that increasing mass or acceleration affects the force required.
3. Practise Calculations
Set aside time every day or several times a week for numerical questions.
4. Learn Units
Always check the units given in a question and convert them when necessary.
5. Draw Diagrams
Diagrams are useful for:
– Forces
– Circuits
– Rays
– Waves
– Motion
– Magnetic fields
6. Practise Graphs
Learn how to interpret:
– Distance-time graphs
– Velocity-time graphs
– Force-extension graphs
– Other simple Physics graphs
7. Use Past Questions
Past questions can help you become familiar with the style and difficulty of UTME questions.
However, they should be used alongside the syllabus and not as a replacement for studying
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